Models
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![<p>GEMINI-E3 is a standard worldwide computable general equilibrium model. The model is based on the assumption of total flexibility in all markets, both the macroeconomic markets such as the capital and the exchange markets (with the associated prices being the real rate of interest and the real exchange rate, which are endogenous) and the microeconomic or sector markets (goods, factors of production). </p>](/static/rev_icons/grey/gemini-e3.png)
General Equilibrium Model of International-National Interactions between Economy, Energy and the Environment
![<p>
Policy-simulation dynamic-recursive model which has been designed applying System Dynamics. The model has been developed in Vensim DSS software for Windows, and is also available in Python.</p>](/static/rev_icons/grey/medeas.png)
Modelling Energy System Development
Modelling Energy System Development under Environmental and Socioeconomic constraints
![<p>The industrial modules of WISEE-EDM described here are used to analyse possible futures of an industrial production system and to derive technically consistent paths to them, starting from the current production system. They are a model family for technologically detailed bottom-up modelling that includes a variety of models and tools that can be combined according to the industrial sub-sector as well as the purpose and level of analysis (see figure 1 below). The models have a high level of technical detail and offer a variety of options for adapting the analysis to scenario-specific assumptions. They are therefore particularly suitable for developing scenarios in exchange with stakeholders. Typical results are energy demand and CO2 emissions differentiated by energy sources, geographical units, years and sectors.</p>](/static/rev_icons/grey/wisee_edm.png)
Wuppertal Institute System Model Architecture for Energy and Emission Scenarios - Energy Demand Model (Industry Modules)
Geographic Coverage of OSeMOSYS OSeMBE
Note: Hover over the map to see the model's spatial coverage.
Grey indicates non-availability (i.e. areas not covered).
Green colour indicates national coverage (i.e. countries represented at the country-level.
For countries not represented with national granularity, same colour for multiple countries indicates countries covered as part of the same region. Pop-up title on mouse over each covered country displays Name of Region (Name of Country)
Sectoral, Policy, SDG, Socioeconomic, Emissions and Technological Coverage/Granularity of OSeMOSYS OSeMBE
Mitigation/ Adaptation Measures
![Hydrogen production](/static/icons/grey/Hydrogen_production.png)
![Synthetic fuel production](/static/icons/grey/Synthetic_fuel_production.png)
![Heat generation](/static/icons/grey/Heat_generation.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Electricity generation </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Coal with CCS </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Gas with CCS </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Nuclear fission </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Nuclear fusion </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Hydro </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Biomass </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Biomass with CCS </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Geothermal </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Solar PV </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Solar CSP </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Onshore Wind </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Offshore Wind </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/Electricity_generation.png)
![Rail](/static/icons/grey/Rail_transport.png)
![Shipping](/static/icons/grey/Shipping.png)
![Road](/static/icons/grey/Road_transport.png)
![Aviation](/static/icons/grey/Aviation.png)
![Modal shifts](/static/icons/grey/Modal_shifts.png)
![Buildings](/static/icons/grey/Buildings.png)
![Industry](/static/icons/grey/Industry.png)
![Agriculture](/static/icons/grey/Agriculture.png)
![Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)](/static/icons/grey/Land_Use.png)
![Behavioural Changes](/static/icons/grey/Behavioural_changes.png)
![Adaptation](/static/icons/grey/Adaptation.png)
Sectors
![Industry](/static/icons/grey/02_industry.png)
![Buildings](/static/icons/grey/02_buildings.png)
![Agriculture, Forestry, Land Use (AFOLU)](/static/icons/grey/02_agriculture.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Energy sources </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Coal </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Lignite </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Oil </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Natural Gas </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Nuclear </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Biomass </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Hydro </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Solar </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Wind </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Geothermal </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Tidal/ Wave </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Other </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/02_energy_sources.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Energy transformation </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Electricity </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Hydrogen </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Oil refining </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Gas-to-liquids </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Coal-to-liquids </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Coal-to-gas </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Bio-to-liquids </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Bio-to-gas </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Other </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/02_energy_tranformation.png)
![Energy storage](/static/icons/grey/02_energy_storage.png)
![Transportation](/static/icons/grey/02_transportation.png)
SDGs
![No Poverty](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-1.png)
![Zero Hunger](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-2.png)
![Good Health & Well-Being](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-3.png)
![Quality Education](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-4.png)
![Gender Equality](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-5.png)
![Clean Water & Sanitation](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-6.png)
![<h4 style="padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> §7. Affordable and clean energy (e.g., traditional biomass use, %renewable energy)</h4> <p style="margin-left:1em">Share of use if each energy technology, cost for the final users</p>](/static/rev_icons/colored/cat_7_sdgs-7.png)
![Decent Work & Economic Growth](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-8.png)
![Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-9.png)
![Reduced Inequalities](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-10.png)
![Sustainable Cities & Communities](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-11.png)
![Responsible Consumption & Production](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-12.png)
![Climate Action](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-13.png)
![Life Below Water](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-14.png)
![Life on Land](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-15.png)
![Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-16.png)
Emissions
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> CH4 </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/ch4.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> CO2 </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/co2.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> F-gases </h4> <ul><li></li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/f.png)
![Land-use CO2](/static/icons/grey/co22.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> N2O </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/n2o.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> CO / VOC </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/voc.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> NH3 </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/nh3.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> NOx </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/nox.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> PMs (BC, OC, PM2.5) </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/pms.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> SOx </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/sox.png)
Policy
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Emissions mitigation </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Tax </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Emissions target / quota (annual) </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Emissions target / quota (cumulative) </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Regulations (emissions standards, etc…) </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Global Temperature / Radiative Forcing target </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Financial supports (negative emissions, CDMs, Green Climate Fund) </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/emmisons_mitigation.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Energy </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Tax </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Subsidy </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Energy mix target </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Efficiency target </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Regulations (thermal regulation in buildings, banning of diesel cars in urban areas, etc…) </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/energy_policy.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Land </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Protected lands </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Production quotas </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Carbon sink pricing / Land use change emissions tax </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Afforestation targets </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/land_policy.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Trade </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Carbon border tax on imports </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Carbon border supports on exports </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Regulations policies (certifications, Best-available technologies, standards, etc…) </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/trade_policy.png)
Socio- Economics
![Demography](/static/icons/grey/demographics.png)
![GDP](/static/icons/grey/gdp.png)
![Employment](/static/icons/grey/employment.png)
![Investment](/static/icons/grey/investment.png)
![Public finances](/static/icons/grey/public_finance.png)
![Economic activity](/static/icons/grey/economic_activirty.png)
![Incomes](/static/icons/grey/incomes.png)