Models
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![<p>GEMINI-E3 is a standard worldwide computable general equilibrium model. The model is based on the assumption of total flexibility in all markets, both the macroeconomic markets such as the capital and the exchange markets (with the associated prices being the real rate of interest and the real exchange rate, which are endogenous) and the microeconomic or sector markets (goods, factors of production). </p>](/static/rev_icons/grey/gemini-e3.png)
General Equilibrium Model of International-National Interactions between Economy, Energy and the Environment
![<p>
Policy-simulation dynamic-recursive model which has been designed applying System Dynamics. The model has been developed in Vensim DSS software for Windows, and is also available in Python.</p>](/static/rev_icons/grey/medeas.png)
Modelling Energy System Development
Modelling Energy System Development under Environmental and Socioeconomic constraints
![<p>The industrial modules of WISEE-EDM described here are used to analyse possible futures of an industrial production system and to derive technically consistent paths to them, starting from the current production system. They are a model family for technologically detailed bottom-up modelling that includes a variety of models and tools that can be combined according to the industrial sub-sector as well as the purpose and level of analysis (see figure 1 below). The models have a high level of technical detail and offer a variety of options for adapting the analysis to scenario-specific assumptions. They are therefore particularly suitable for developing scenarios in exchange with stakeholders. Typical results are energy demand and CO2 emissions differentiated by energy sources, geographical units, years and sectors.</p>](/static/rev_icons/grey/wisee_edm.png)
Wuppertal Institute System Model Architecture for Energy and Emission Scenarios - Energy Demand Model (Industry Modules)
Geographic Coverage of DREEM
Note: Hover over the map to see the model's spatial coverage.
Grey indicates non-availability (i.e. areas not covered).
Green colour indicates national coverage (i.e. countries represented at the country-level.
For countries not represented with national granularity, same colour for multiple countries indicates countries covered as part of the same region. Pop-up title on mouse over each covered country displays Name of Region (Name of Country)
Sectoral, Policy, SDG, Socioeconomic, Emissions and Technological Coverage/Granularity of DREEM
Mitigation/ Adaptation Measures
![Hydrogen production](/static/icons/grey/Hydrogen_production.png)
![Synthetic fuel production](/static/icons/grey/Synthetic_fuel_production.png)
![Heat generation](/static/icons/grey/Heat_generation.png)
![Electricity generation](/static/icons/grey/Electricity_generation.png)
![Rail](/static/icons/grey/Rail_transport.png)
![Shipping](/static/icons/grey/Shipping.png)
![Road](/static/icons/grey/Road_transport.png)
![Aviation](/static/icons/grey/Aviation.png)
![Modal shifts](/static/icons/grey/Modal_shifts.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Buildings </h4> <ul><li>Heating</li><ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Gas replacing oil / coal </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Biofuels </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Electricity </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Hydrogen </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Solar thermal </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Building shell efficiency </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Other </li> </ul><li>Lighting</li><ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Efficient lighting </li> </ul><li>Appliances</li><ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Efficient appliances </li> </ul><li>Cooling</li><ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Electricity </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Building shell efficiency </li> </ul></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/Buildings.png)
![Industry](/static/icons/grey/Industry.png)
![Agriculture](/static/icons/grey/Agriculture.png)
![Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)](/static/icons/grey/Land_Use.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Behavioural Changes </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Travelling less </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Less energy service demand </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Lower material consumption </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Less product demand </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/Behavioural_changes.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Adaptation </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Land use adaptation/planning </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Water use restrictions </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Forest Fire management </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Coastal protection </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> River restoration/rehabilatation </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Flood management </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Retreat / Elevated infrastructure </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Additional cooling of buildings </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Early warning systems </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Green spaces in cities </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Building material choices </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/Adaptation.png)
Sectors
![Industry](/static/icons/grey/02_industry.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Buildings </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Residential </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Commercial </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Public </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/02_buildings.png)
![Agriculture, Forestry, Land Use (AFOLU)](/static/icons/grey/02_agriculture.png)
![Energy sources](/static/icons/grey/02_energy_sources.png)
![Energy transformation](/static/icons/grey/02_energy_tranformation.png)
![Energy storage](/static/icons/grey/02_energy_storage.png)
![Transportation](/static/icons/grey/02_transportation.png)
SDGs
![<h4 style="padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> §1. No Poverty (e.g., intra-country distributional impact by income level)</h4> <p style="margin-left:1em">Effect of energy-efficiency policies in energy poor households; Identification of energy poor households.</p>](/static/rev_icons/colored/cat_7_sdgs-1.png)
![Zero Hunger](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-2.png)
![<h4 style="padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> §3. Health (e.g., air-pollution related mortality)</h4> <p style="margin-left:1em">Thermal comfort.</p>](/static/rev_icons/colored/cat_7_sdgs-3.png)
![Quality Education](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-4.png)
![Gender Equality](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-5.png)
![Clean Water & Sanitation](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-6.png)
![<h4 style="padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> §7. Affordable and clean energy (e.g., traditional biomass use, %renewable energy)</h4> <p style="margin-left:1em">Decentralised RES generation/Self-consumption cost-benefit ratios; Market-oriented regulatory designs that eliminate aspects of subsidisation.</p>](/static/rev_icons/colored/cat_7_sdgs-7.png)
![Decent Work & Economic Growth](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-8.png)
![Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-9.png)
![Reduced Inequalities](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-10.png)
![<h4 style="padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> §11: Sustainable Cities & Communities (e.g., PMs from city transport + buildings)</h4> <p style="margin-left:1em">Levelized Cost of Saved Energy (LCSE) of energy-efficiency measures; Demand-Flexibility cost-benefit ratios.</p>](/static/rev_icons/colored/cat_7_sdgs-11.png)
![Responsible Consumption & Production](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-12.png)
![<h4 style="padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> §13: Climate action</h4> <p style="margin-left:1em">Footprint impact of consumption/Decarbonisation(Climate neutrality) pathways in the building sector.</p>](/static/rev_icons/colored/cat_7_sdgs-13.png)
![Life Below Water](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-14.png)
![Life on Land](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-15.png)
![Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions](/static/icons/grey/cat_7_sdgs-16.png)
Emissions
![CH4](/static/icons/grey/ch4.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> CO2 </h4> <ul><li>Endogenous</li></ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/co2.png)
![F-gases](/static/icons/grey/f.png)
![Land-use CO2](/static/icons/grey/co22.png)
![N2O](/static/icons/grey/n2o.png)
![CO / VOC](/static/icons/grey/voc.png)
![NH3](/static/icons/grey/nh3.png)
![NOx](/static/icons/grey/nox.png)
![PMs (BC, OC, PM2.5)](/static/icons/grey/pms.png)
![SOx](/static/icons/grey/sox.png)
Policy
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Emissions mitigation </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Tax </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Emissions target / quota (annual) </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Emissions target / quota (cumulative) </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Regulations (emissions standards, etc…) </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Global Temperature / Radiative Forcing target </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Financial supports (negative emissions, CDMs, Green Climate Fund) </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/emmisons_mitigation.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Energy </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Tax </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Subsidy </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Energy mix target </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Efficiency target </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Regulations (thermal regulation in buildings, banning of diesel cars in urban areas, etc…) </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/energy_policy.png)
![Land](/static/icons/grey/land_policy.png)
![Trade](/static/icons/grey/trade_policy.png)
Socio- Economics
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Demography </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Population </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Urbanisation </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/demographics.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> GDP </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> GDP </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Private consumption </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Public consumption </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Gross fixed capital formation </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Exports </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Imports </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Trade balance </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/gdp.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Employment </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Total </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> by eductional attainment level </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> by age </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> by sex </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> by econcomic activity </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/employment.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Investment </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Macroeconomic </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Private Investments </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Public investments </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/investment.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Public finances </h4> <ul> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Expenditures </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Receipts </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Social benefits </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Balances </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/public_finance.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Economic activity </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Production </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Value added </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Imports </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Exports </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Employment </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Energy expenditure </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Investments </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Raw material consumption </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Other materials consumption </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/economic_activirty.png)
![<h4 style="text-align:center;padding:5px;margin-bottom:5px"> Incomes </h4> <ul> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Total gross/real disposable income </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Capital incomes </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Labour incomes </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Social transfers </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> By quantiles </li> <li style="color:#97ae21; text-decoration:none"> Energy poverty </li> <li style="color:grey; text-decoration:line-through"> Aggregated </li> </ul>](/static/rev_icons/colored/incomes.png)